What device controls the direction of the current flow in an electric motor?

The commutator is the device that effectively controls the direction of current flow in an electric motor, particularly in DC motors. It serves as a mechanical switch that reverses the current direction through the windings of the motor as the rotor turns. This change in current direction is crucial for maintaining continuous rotation; as the rotor moves, the commutator ensures that the magnetic fields interact properly, allowing the motor to generate torque and perform work.

In contrast, a rectifier is utilized primarily in converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and does not directly control the direction of current flow within a motor. An alternator, on the other hand, is designed to generate AC electrical power, and while it induces current flow, it does not serve the specific purpose of directing current as a commutator does. Finally, a transformer is used to increase or decrease AC voltage levels but does not interact with current direction in the context of motor operation. Therefore, the commutator is essential for ensuring the motor's functionality by providing the necessary current direction control.